Day 12: Cheat-Sheet for Linux and Git Commands

We have completed the Linux & Git-GitHub hands-on, let's make a cheat sheet of all the commands we have learned so far.

Linux commands:

• whoami -> It is used to display the current username.

• man -> It is used to display the user manual of any command.

• echo -> It is used to display the line of text or strings that are passed as an argument.

• tree -> It is used to display the file system's directory structure in a tree-like format.

• sudo -> It is used to run commands with administrative privileges.

• date -> It is used to display the date and time.

• history-> It is used to display the history of the commands executed by the user.

• clear -> It is used to clear the terminal screen.

File and Operations Commands

• ls -> It shows available files and directory lists in the present working directory.

• ls -l -> It is used for knowing the details of files and directories.

• ls -a -> It is used for showing the list of all the hidden files.

• touch -> It is used to create empty files.

• cp -> It is used to copy files from one directory to another.

• mv -> It is used to rename and replace the files and directory.

• rm -> It is used to remove the file and directory.

• rm -r -> It is used for recursive deletion of files and directories.

• ln -> It is used to create links between files.

Viewing and editing the file system

• cat -> It is used to display file content on the terminal.

• head -> It is used for printing the first ten lines(by default) of a text file.

• tail -> It is used to display the last ten lines(by default) of a text file.

• nano -> It is used for as an editor to create or edit a text file.

• vim -> It is used as an editor to create or edit a text file.

• less -> It is used to view file contents interactively.

Directory navigation

• cd -> It is used for changing the directory.

• mkdir -> It is used for creating a new directory.

• pwd -> It displays the present working directory.

File permission

• chmod -> It is used to change file and directory permissions.

• chown -> It is used to change file ownership.

• chgrp -> It is used to change the group ownership of files and directory.

Searching for files and directories

• find -> It is used to search files and directories.

• grep -> It is used to search for specified patterns or text in files.

• which -> It is used to display the full path of a specified command.

• locate -> It is used to quickly find files using a database.

Network Operations

• ifconfig -> It is used to display or configure network interfaces.

• ping -> It is used to send ICMP echo requests to a host.

• ssh -> It is used to securely access remote systems over SSH.

• hostname -> It is used to set and view the hostname of the system.

• wget -> It is used to download files and interact with REST APIs.

• curl -> It is used to transfer data to or from a server.

User Management and Group management

• useradd -> It is used to add a new user.

• passwd -> It is used to change the user password.

• usermod -> It is used to modify user properties.

• userdel -> It is used to delete a user.

• groupadd -> It is used to add a group.

• groupdel -> It is used to delete a group.

• id -> It is used to identify if a user is created.

System Information

• df -> It is used to display disk space usage.

• du -> It is used to display file and directory space usage.

• top -> It is used to display real-time system stats.

• uname -> It is used to show system information.

Package Management

• Apt -> It is a package management system for Debian, Ubuntu, and other similar Linux distributions.

• Yum -> It is a package management tool for a variety of older RHEL-based distributions (such as CentOS 7) and older versions of Fedora.

• DNF -> It is used to install, update, remove, and manage software packages on their Linux systems.

File compression

• tar -> It is used to create, extract, and manipulate archive files.

• gzip or gunzip -> It is used to compress or decompress files.

• zip or unzip -> It is used to compress or extract files in ZIP format.

Git-GitHub commands

Git is a version-control system used for tracking changes in computer files. Git is a version-control system used for tracking changes in computer files.

1. Setting up Git:

   • git config --globaluser.name"Your Name"

   • git config --globaluser.email"your@email.com"

2. Creating Repositories:

   • git init: It will initialize the git repo in our local system.

   • git clone <repository_url>: It will clone a remote repository to your local machine.

3. Managing Changes:

   • git add <file>: It will add the file to the staging area.

   • git commit -m "Commit message": It will commit the code with the message first commit.

   • git rm <file name> : It will remove the file/folder.

   • git status: It will check the status.

   • git diff: It will show the changes between the working directory and the staging area.

   • git diff --staged: It shows the changes between the staging area and the last commit.

   • git reset <file>: It will unstage changes for a file, removing them from the staging area.

   • git revert <commit>: It will create a new commit that undoes the changes from a specific commit.

4. Branching and Merging:

   • git branch: It will list all branches in the repository.

   • git branch -a: it will list all branches.

   • git branch <branch_name>: It will create a new branch.

   • git checkout <branch_name>: It will switch to a different branch.

   • git branch -M main: It will push to the branch we want.

   • git merge <branch_name>: It will merge changes from one branch into another.

   • git checkout -b <branch_name>: It will create a new branch and switch to it.

   • git branch --delete <branch_name> : It will delete the branch.

5. Viewing History:

   • git log: It is used to display commit history.

   • git-show: It is used to see log messages.

6. Updating and Publishing:

   • git pull: It is used to fetch and merge changes from a remote repository.

   • git push origin <branch_name>: It is used to push local changes to a remote repository.

   • git push -u origin <branch_name>: It pushes changes to the remote repository.

7. Temporary changes:

   • git stash: It will temporarily save changes that are not ready to be committed.

   • git stash apply: It will apply to the most recent stash.

   • git stash save "message": Changes can be stashed with a message.

   • git stash list: It will list all stashed changes.

   • Git stash changes: This command shows the changes in the most recent stash.

   • git stash branch <branch name>: Create a new branch from your latest stash.

   • Git stash pop: This command retrieves the most recent stash, applies the changes to your working directory, and removes it from the stash list.

   • Git stash drop: This command discards the most recent stash without applying its changes to your working directory. It's like throwing away the stash.

   • Git stash clear: This command removes all stashes. Use it with caution as it removes all stashes permanently.

   • git cherry-pick <commit>: Apply changes from a specific commit to the current branch.

Summary

In this blog, we see all the major Linux and git commands that we used as a DevOps engineer. Whatever commands we have covered in our blogs and those which we have missed and are important for DevOps we add all the commands in this single cheatsheet.